Fair Trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks a greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of marginalized producers and workers, especially in the South.
Fair Trade Organizations have a clear commitment to Fair Trade as the principle core of their mission. They, backed by customers, are actively engaged in supporting producers, awareness raising and in campaigning for changes in the rules and practice of conventional international trade.
The World Fair Trade Organization is a global community of social enterprises that practice Fair Trade. Last Forest has been a part of this community and is certified Fair Trade since 2016. The principles of Fair Trade run deep in all parts of our supply chain. The principles are instrumental for us as we take up our daily practices and how we interact with our stakeholders!Listen to a special podcast between Erinch Sahan, Chief Executive at the Word Fair Trade Organization and Mathew John, Managing Director at Last Forest on how social enterprises have dealt with the pandemic here.
Here is another podcast on the journey of Last Forest, hosted by Erinch Sahan, Chief Executive at WFTO and Mathew John, Managing Director at Last Forest.
In 2017, Last Forest was the winner of the Mohammed Islam design award for the best new product packaging for our honey. You can check it out here.
The WFTO Fair Trade Standard The WFTO Fair Trade Standard comprises the 10 Principles of Fair Trade with a set of compliance criteria to assess how well members are implementing the Principles. The WFTO Standard applies to all members of WFTO: Fair Trade Organisations that trade Fair Trade Products (FTOs), Fair Trade Networks (FTN) and Fair Trade Support Organisations (FTSO).
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1. Opportunities for disadvantaged producers Poverty reduction through trade forms a key part of Last Forest’s aims. We support marginalized small producers, whether these are independent family businesses, or grouped in associations or co-operatives. We seek to enable them to move from income insecurity and poverty to economic self-sufficiency and ownership.
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2. Transparency and Accountability Last Forest is transparent in its management and commercial relations. It is accountable to all its stakeholders and respects the sensitivity and confidentiality of all information supplied. We find appropriate, participatory ways to involve employees, members and producers in our decision making processes. We ensure that relevant information is provided to all our trading partners. 
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3. Fair Trade Practices Last Forest trades with the concern for the social, economic and environmental well being of marginalized small producers and do not maximise profit at their expense. We are responsible and professional in meeting our commitments in a timely manner. Suppliers respect contracts and deliver products on time and to the desired quality and specifications. 
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4. Fair Payment A fair payment is one that has been mutually negotiated and agreed by all through on-going dialogue and participation, which provides fair pay to the producers and can also be sustained by the market, taking into account the principle of equal pay for equal work by women and men. The aim is always the payment of a local living wage. 
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5. Ensuring no child and forced labour Last Forest adheres to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and national/local law on the employment of children. We ensure that there is no forced labour in our workforce and/or members or homeworkers. 
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6. Commitment to Non-Discrimination, Gender Equity and Women’s Economic Empowerment and Freedom of Association Last Forest does not discriminate in hiring, remuneration, access to training, promotion, termination or retirement based on race, caste, national origin, religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, union membership, political affiliation, HIV/AIDS status or age. 
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7. Ensuring Good Working Conditions Last Forest provided a safe and healthy working environment for employees and/or members. It complies, at a minimum, with national and local laws and ILO conventions on health and safety. Working hours and conditions for employees and/or members (and any homeworkers) comply with conditions established by national and local laws and ILO conventions. 8. Providing Capacity Building Last Forest seeks to increase positive developmental impacts for small, marginalized producers through Fair Trade. We develop the skill and capabilities of our own employees and members. 
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8. Providing Capacity Building Last Forest seeks to increase positive developmental impacts for small, marginalized producers through Fair Trade. We develop the skill and capabilities of our own employees and members. 
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9. Promoting Fair Trade Last Forest raises awareness of the aim of Fair Trade and of the need for the greater justice in world trade through Fair Trade. It advocates for the objectives and activities of Fair Trade according to the scope of the organization. The organization provides its customers with information about itself, the products it markets, and the producer organizations or members that make or harvest the products. Honest advertising and marketing techniques are always used. 
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10. Respect for the environment Last Forest markets Fair Trade products and maximizes the use of raw materials from sustainably managed sources in their ranges, buying locally when possible. We use production technologies that seek to reduce energy consumption and where possible, use renewable energy technologies that minimize greenhouse gas emissions. We seek to minimise the impact of their waste stream on the environment. Fair Trade agricultural commodity producers minimize their environmental impacts, by using organic or low pesticide use production methods wherever possible. 
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FAQs about WFTO
The World Fair Trade Organization or WFTO for short changes all that. It is a global community focused on social enterprises that prioritises the welfare of the workers. It is a guarantee system, which attempts to create a new market for products that maintain Fair Trade Practices through its 10 Principles of Fair Trade. This ensures that members of WFTO prioritise the people, the planet and the product quality over the profits made. Being a guarantee system, it is based on the participation of these members to form trust, a social network and knowledge exchange. The WFTO relies on 10 core principles or goals, each of which is meant to be met through dialogue, transparency, and respect. This in turn promotes sustainable development. These principles entail opportunities for disadvantaged producers, fair and equitable payment, no child or forced labour, non-discrimination, gender equity, good working conditions, capacity building, promoting fair trade, respect for the environment, and accountability and transparency. By aligning to these principles, WFTO members and/or Fair-Trade Organisations (FTO) aim to create an equitable work environment that prioritises the welfare of the workers and the environment that the company works with. To know more, hop onto our WFTO page. You can also access these links: https://www.fairtrade.net/ https://lastforest.in/pages/fair-trade-1
As mass-marketing and consumption grows exponentially, the workers of the first and secondary sectors not only lose value but face insecurity and the alliance between Last Forest and the WFTO means to rid them of such financial insecurity. This is done by multiple methods. Firstly, producers are paid upfront for their contributions. This secures their financial output, no matter the success of the product, and a mutual loyalty grows between the company and the producers. Being a Fair Trade Oranganisation, Last Forest also grows their bond with producer and consumers. Through this process, even when understand and value of the marginal worker diminishes in the mass-market, their value remains or even increases with this alliance with the WFTO. Last Forest is also able to widen the customer base for any product sold.
A Fair Trade Organisation (FTO) is a locally focused guarantee system and products sold have a guarantee label. In the current market, where transparency and clarity is rare, customers are able to trust that the products are sourced and made ethically as well as genuinely have the value they claim. With this alliance, Last Forest is also able to spread awareness amongst customers, educating them on the process and tradition of a product sharing the understanding and value of the product.
In 2016, Last Forest Enterprises became a WFTO member. By becoming a member, WFTO certified Last Forest as a Fair Trade Organisation. Last Forest serves as a market platform for many groups from all over India. These small producers then have wider market access. While the non-profit institution, the Keystone Foundation, endeavours to make an impact on the market side, Last Forest is driven on a slightly different approach. It means to show everyone engaged in the value chain from producers to consumers that it is a profit-driven company but with a difference. The difference is, an atmosphere whose primary concern is ethics and value and development oriented where producers are shareholders. This structure enables producers to make decisions that benefit not just an individual but the whole community. By focusing on what they best do, they are able to control quality and the consumers learn to value the products more. The synergy between the two institutions and the producers work as a producer-led-enterprise that taps to India’s vast economy.
Slow Food is an organization that promotes local food and traditional cooking. It was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy in 1986 and has since spread worldwide. Promoted as an alternative to fast food, it strives to preserve traditional and regional cuisine and encourages farming of plants, seeds, and livestock characteristic of the local ecosystem. It promotes local small businesses and sustainable foods. It also focuses on food quality, rather than quantity. It was the first established part of the broader slow movement. It speaks out against overproduction and food waste. It sees globalization as a process in which small and local farmers and food producers should be simultaneously protected from and included in the global food system. Know more about the movement here : https://www.slowfood.com/
objectives of the slowfood movement
- Developing an “Ark of Taste for each ecoregion, where local culinary traditions and foods are celebrated
- Creating “Praesidia” grassroots organizations to promote slow foods to the public. Forming and sustaining seed banks to preserve heirloom varieties in cooperation with local food systems.
- Preserving and promoting local and traditional food products, along with their lore and preparation.
- Organizing small-scale processing (including facilities for slaughtering and short run products)
- Organizing celebrations of local cuisine within regions (for example, the Feast of Fields held in some cities in Canada)
- Promoting “taste education”.
- Educating consumers about the risks of fast food
- Educating citizens about the drawbacks of commercial agribusiness and factory farms
- Educating citizens about the risks of monoculture and reliance on too few genomes or varieties
- Developing various political programmes to preserve family farms
- Lobbying for the inclusion of organic farming concerns within agricultural policy
- Lobbying against government funding of genetic engineering
- Lobbying against the use of pesticides
- Teaching gardening skills to students and prisoners
- Encouraging ethical buying in local marketplaces
Last Forest, within Slow Food and Slow Food Nilgiris, has consistently championed the cause of preserving traditional and local foods in the Nilgiris Biosphere Region. As a steadfast advocate for sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation, Last Forest has, through the years, played a pivotal role in promoting the consumption of locally sourced products, fostering a strong connection between producers and consumers. Through its active participation in the Slow Food network, Last Forest successfully incubated a remarkable culinary establishment named ‘Place to Bee.’This pioneering restaurant, which emerged as one of the first slow food restaurants in the country, exemplified the essence of Slow Food’s principles. ‘Place to Bee’ not only offered delectable dishes made from locally grown, seasonal ingredients but also functioned as a community space, promoting education on the importance of preserving indigenous culinary traditions and supporting local farmers. Last Forest’s efforts in nurturing ‘Place to Bee’ underscored its unwavering commitment to the Slow Food movement and its mission to celebrate and preserve the cultural heritage of food while embracing sustainability and environmental consciousness.Place to Bee was launched in 2015 with Aritra leading the project and Abhijeet from Kolkata joining as a chef. An Italian couple helped put together a fusion menu with local dishes. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit, there was a pause. LFE team members had to migrate back to their home base. Eventually, it marked the end of the restaurant. Become a memberDownload the Slow Food Movement pamphlet here, to know more or even sign up for a membership! Download Here
Payments for Ecosystem Services
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is one of the most commonly used mechanisms to generate market-based revenue for biodiversity conservation. PES aims to provide benefits to landowners and land-users who preserve ecosystem services (ES). The recognition of and valuation of the ES also works to disincentivize from land use which degrades the land, such as deforestation. Payments are used to incentivize land users to properly manage and conserve their natural environment, thus ensuring the flow of ecosystem services (Pagiola and Platais, 2002).
Through PES, beneficiaries of ecosystem services, i.e., consumers, pay for the conservation and sustainable use of the ecosystems they benefit from. The concept is based on the idea that ecosystems provide valuable services to society – such as water, air, and land – and that valuable resources are reusable or regenerated. PES can allow for an ecosystem to be reused or regenerated, via natural processes and social efforts such as through water purification, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and biodiversity preservation.The PES scheme involves three parties: service providers, service users, and intermediaries. Service providers are individuals or organizations that own, manage or conserve natural resources. Service users are beneficiaries who value and utilize the ecosystem services provided by the service providers. Intermediaries are organizations or individuals who facilitate the transaction between the service providers and service users.The payment mechanism in PES is designed to encourage landowners and other stakeholders to internalize and realize true costs and to adopt practices that conserve natural resources and reduce negative externalities. It affirms (through investment, or payment) that there is value to caring for the environment and its health
PES has several benefits, including:
- Conservation and management of natural resources: PES provides an incentive for landowners and other stakeholders to conserve and manage natural resources. By assigning an economic value to ecosystem services, PES encourages stakeholders to adopt sustainable practices that benefit both the environment and society.
- Economic benefits: PES provides economic benefits to service providers, especially those in developing countries. The payment for ecosystem services provides an additional source of income for the service providers, which can help to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods.
- Climate change mitigation: PES can help to mitigate climate change by incentivizing the conservation and restoration of forests and other carbon sinks. The preservation of forests and other natural resources can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change.
- Improved water quality: PES can help to improve water quality by encouraging the adoption of practices that reduce water pollution. For example, payment for the preservation of wetlands can help to reduce nutrient runoff and improve water quality downstream.
Despite the benefits, PES faces several challenges, including:
- Monitoring and evaluation : PES requires a robust monitoring and evaluation system to ensure that the service providers are delivering the agreed-upon ecosystem services. The lack of a monitoring and evaluation system can result not only in a varied understanding of what PES should be but also in the misuse of funds and the failure to achieve the desired conservation outcomes.
- Equity : PES can exacerbate inequalities if the benefits of the scheme are not distributed equitably. For example, large landowners may receive a larger share of the payment, while small landowners may receive very little or no payment at all. If PES is not a tool towards equity, then it is not a tool for sustainability.
- Transaction costs : PES involves transaction costs such as the cost of setting up the scheme, negotiating contracts, and monitoring and evaluating the outcomes. The transaction costs can be a barrier to the implementation of PES, especially in developing countries where the capacity to manage PES schemes may be limited.
- Additionality : PES requires that the ecosystem services provided are additional to what would have occurred in the absence of the scheme. Ecosystems are constantly changing and have natural positive and negative feedback loops that act on long term time scales. The additionality requirement is challenging to verify, especially if the baseline scenario is unclear or unknown.
Last Forest’s work with PES Honey marketed by Last Forest is from the Giant Rock Bee (Apis dorsata), which plays an unquantifiably important role in the ecosystems of many forests of South Asia. Bees pollinate many species of tropical forests, enabling cycles of nature. The forests of the Nilgiris, where we work, are known for their rich biodiversity and high concentration of endemic species–plants and animals which can only be found here. Many springs and streams emerge from these mountain forest areas and provide water for the rest of the planet–enabling the survival of all life forms.
When a consumer buys honey and beeswax products that have taken care of these forests in their very production, they support the symbiotic relationship that exists between themselves and nature. The value of this is internalized into the value of a product. At Last Forest, PES is used to directly support the following activities:
- Planting tree species that increase bee habitats and colonies
- Promoting beekeeping with communities
- Training and knowledge exchange for the younger generation of Adivasis
- to reaffirm traditional values and sustainable harvesting methods
- Undertake Ecological monitoring in these forests with barefoot ecologists
The premium charged is not based on the actual costs of ecosystem services rendered by bees, it is a notional amount to determine willingness to pay. Although the value of all that is encompassed in caretaking of nature cannot be monetarily quantified, what is quantifiable is an investment to support the caretaking of the forests.PES worldwide In the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in PES with over 550 recognized active programmes around the globe. However, there is still limited global feedback data, as there is no international standard in reporting or implementing PES.
Last Forest–along with its sister organizations Keystone Foundation, Nilgiri Natural History Society, and Aadhimalai Pazhangudiyinar Producer Company–is an active player in the global community of PES. During its earlier years of operation, Last Forest took on the initiative of implementing PES in the markets. Last Forest introduced a special edition of honey with a special label carrying the message of PES. This PES edition was shelved exclusively in the Green Shops in the Nilgiris and saw a good reception from customers. Through Last Forest’s new branding, the message of PES has become stronger. Introduction of the PES logo is a step that distinctly shows that products are a part of a system, one that pays for the conservation of forest resources by using sustainable methods. Prioritizing these networks in branding–the first impression customers will see–spreads conscious and subconscious awareness of programs like PES. Consumers begin to realize that there is a world of options that exist. This message has reached Last Forest’s stakeholders, who are becoming more aware of the message that the PES logo and system aims to develop.
FAQs about PES
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is one of the most commonly used mechanisms to generate market-based revenue for biodiversity conservation. PES aims to provide benefits to landowners and land-users who preserve ecosystem services (ES). The recognition of and valuation of the ES also works to disincentivize from land use which degrades the land, such as deforestation. Payments are used to incentivize land users to properly manage and conserve their natural environment, thus ensuring the flow of ecosystem services (Pagiola and Platais, 2002). Through PES, beneficiaries of ecosystem services, i.e., consumers, pay for the conservation and sustainable use of the ecosystems they benefit from. The concept is based on the idea that ecosystems provide valuable services to society – such as water, air, and land – and that valuable resources are reusable or regenerated. PES can allow for an ecosystem to be reused or regenerated, via natural processes and social efforts such as through water purification, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and biodiversity preservation. The benefits of PES are: Conservation and management of natural resources Economic benefits Climate change mitigation Improved water quality PES in Last Forest’s context : Honey marketed by Last Forest is from the Giant Rock Bee (Apis dorsata), which plays an important role in the forest ecosystem. Bees pollinate many species of these tropical forests, thus enabling the cycles of nature. Many other plant and animal species thrive in these forests. Many springs and streams emerge from these areas – enabling the survival of all life forms. When you buy the honey and beeswax products, you support the symbiotic relationship that exists between man and nature. The amount will be used to support the following activities: Planting tree species that increase bee habitats and colonies. Promoting beekeeping with communities. Training and knowledge exchange for the younger generation of Adivasis to imbibe traditional values and sustainable harvesting methods. Undertake Ecological monitoring in these forests with barefoot ecologists. The premium charged is not based on the actual costs of ecosystem services rendered by bees, it is a notional amount to determine willingness to pay. For further information, please access these website links: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_for_ecosystem_services https://lastforest.in/pages/pay-for-ecosystem-services-pes What will PES do for you?
Pay for Ecosystem Services (PES) is a promising solution for environmental conservation that can provide economic incentives for sustainable management of natural resources. PES has the potential to address environmental challenges while also promoting social and economic development. However, PES also faces challenges and limitations that need to be addressed–by each organization, the global PES community, and consumers–to ensure its effectiveness and sustainability. As a consumer, as a business, as a beneficiary and user of resources like water and air, PES offers a regenerative path forward for you. PES is principled, yet flexible–how could you fit PES into your spaces?
Since April 2021, Last Forest has proudly assumed its role as a member of the Mountain Partnership initiative led by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This partnership stands as a testament to Last Forest's unwavering commitment to the preservation and upliftment of mountain communities nestled in the picturesque Nilgiris region. Working in close collaboration with the Mountain Partnership's secretariat, Last Forest embarked on a mission to enhance the visibility of these mountain communities through a unique avenue - by developing distinctive labels for their lip balms and honey products The creation of these specialized labels serves as an invaluable platform to underscore the immense significance of the Nilgiris' mountain communities. It not only encapsulates the rich traditions and sustainable practices deeply ingrained in these communities but also highlights the exquisite biodiversity and natural beauty that thrives in the Nilgiris, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. By proudly adorning their products with these labels, Last Forest is not only championing the cause of mountain communities but also educating consumers about the importance of supporting these communities in their endeavor to preserve the Nilgiris' unique environment. In addition to these remarkable initiatives, Last Forest achieved a significant milestone with the acceptance of a grant from the Mountain Partnership. This grant has opened doors for a wide range of activities designed to create a positive impact on the Nilgiris' mountain communities. The grant allocation covers diverse areas, including digital marketing to amplify the reach and influence of Last Forest's products, the procurement of coffee and beeswax balms sourced directly from the Nilgiris, the implementation of Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) Wild in the Pillur region, ensuring the highest standards of sustainable and organic production, and the organization of exhibitions to showcase the extraordinary craftsmanship and traditions of the Nilgiris' mountain communities.In essence, Last Forest's active participation in the Mountain Partnership initiative not only underscores its unwavering dedication to supporting mountain communities in the Nilgiris but also its visionary approach in creating a positive and sustainable impact through a combination of innovative labeling, grants, and diverse activities that ultimately aim to empower and celebrate the beauty of the mountainous landscapes and the communities that call them home.
